The article addresses the key aspects of energy security policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan, suggesting that increasing the use of the renewable energy sources (RES) is crucial for reducing the country’s dependence on oil and gas supplies. Greater reliance on renewables would improve economic and environmental sustainability, ensure increased energy security, and help create the conditions necessary for enhancing collaboration in Central Eurasia, as well as cooperation with Central Asian and EU states, in the energy sector. The paper also reviews several dimensions of the Kazakh oil and gas industry and its impact on the country’s energy security policy. It assesses measures that might prove effective for introducing new “green” technologies aimed at limiting consumption of non-renewable natural resources and introducing a larger-scale RES-based energy production.